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Heart - Wikipedia
The heart is a muscular organ found in humans and other animals. This organ pumps blood through the blood vessels. [1] The heart and blood vessels together make up the circulatory system. [2] The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the tissue, while carrying metabolic waste such as carbon dioxide to the lungs. [3] In humans, the heart is approximately the size of a closed fist and is ...

Heart | Structure, Function, Diagram, Anatomy, & Facts | Britannica
The heart is an organ that serves as a pump to circulate the blood. It may be as simple as a straight tube, as in spiders and annelid worms, or as complex as the four-chambered double pump that is the center of the circulatory system in humans, other mammals, and birds.

Heart: Anatomy & Function - Cleveland Clinic
Your heart is a vital organ that keeps blood pumping through your body. Learn more about your heart.

Heart (band) - Wikipedia
Heart is an American rock band formed in 1974 in the Pacific Northwest. [1] The band coalesced from previous projects by founding members including the Army (1967–1969), Hocus Pocus (1969–1970), and White Heart (1970–1973). By 1975, the band’s lineup coalesced with Ann Wilson (lead vocals and flute) and Nancy Wilson (rhythm guitar, vocals), Michael Derosier (drums), Howard Leese ...

Heart Anatomy, Function, and Blood Circulation - WebMD
Learn about heart anatomy, including chambers, valves, and blood vessels, and how they coordinate blood circulation to keep the body functioning.

Heart - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The heart The heart is a hard-working, fist-sized muscle found in people and animals. It pumps out blood through tube-like structures called blood vessels. The heart and these vessels together make up the body-wide circulatory system. Blood carries in oxygen -rich air and nutrient-packed food to the body and takes away waste-filled substances like carbon dioxide to the lungs. In people, the ...

American Heart Association | To be a relentless force for a world of ...
Learn more about the American Heart Association's efforts to reduce death caused by heart disease and stroke. Also learn about cardiovascular conditions, ECC and CPR, donating, heart disease information for healthcare professionals, caregivers, and educators and healthy living.

How your heart works - heart and circulatory system - BHF
Find out more about the anatomy and function of the heart and circulatory system. Have a look through our pictures of the heart and learn more about what it takes to keep our blood pumping.

How the Heart Works - What the Heart Looks Like | NHLBI, NIH
Your heart is in the center of your chest, near your lungs. It has four hollow chambers surrounded by muscle and other heart tissue. The chambers are separated by heart valves, which make sure that the blood keeps flowing in the right direction. Read more about heart valves and how they help blood flow through the heart. Anatomy of the interior of the heart. This image shows the four chambers ...

The Heart: Anatomy and 3D Illustrations - Innerbody
Explore the anatomy and core functions of the heart with Innerbody's interactive 3D model.

* Latest OCD 101 News

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder may triple stroke risk  www.heart.org
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Associates With Elevated Resting Heart Rate  Psychiatry Advisor
Increased Risk of Stroke in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study  American Heart Association Journals
Let’s rethink and reimagine CBT treatment for OCD.  Psychology Today
Stuck in a Loop of ‘Wrongness’: Brain Study Shows Roots of OCD  Michigan Medicine
People with OCD are more likely to die earlier, of any cause  The Conversation
I was the poster girl for OCD. Then I began to question everything I’d been told about mental illness  The Guardian
Obsessive compulsive disorder linked to increased ischemic stroke risk later in life  www.heart.org
When fear strikes the heart: Post-traumatic stress disorder  Harvard Health
Interoception in obsessive-compulsive and major depressive disorders  Frontiers
Neurosurgeons Treating Tourette’s Syndrome and OCD with Deep Brain Stimulation  University of Miami
Luke Combs Says His OCD Causes Him to Fear He's 'About to Have a Heart Attack'  People.com
Brain Signals Associated With OCD Discovered by Scientists For First Time  ScienceAlert
Researchers strive for a better understanding of OCD symptoms  hippocraticpost.com
AI wristband may be an effective tool in future child and adolescent psychiatry  Medical Xpress

Common Cardiovascular Symptoms & Warning Signs

Chest Pain or Pressure (Angina) — Sensation of squeezing, fullness, or tightness in the center of the chest that may radiate to the jaw, neck, back, or arm.
Shortness of Breath (Dyspnea) — Difficulty breathing or feeling winded during routine activities, exertion, or while lying flat in bed.
Palpitations or Irregular Heartbeat — Sensations of a racing, fluttering, pounding, or skipping heart rate.
Unexplained Dizziness or Lightheadedness — Sudden feelings of faintness, loss of balance, or near-syncope linked to decreased blood flow to the brain.
Swelling in the Extremities (Edema) — Fluid retention causing notable swelling in the legs, ankles, feet, or abdomen.
Unusual Fatigue and Weakness — Persistent tiredness or exhaustion during simple daily tasks, often an early warning sign of heart failure.
Cold Sweats or Diaphoresis — Sudden onset of unexplained profuse sweating accompanied by chest discomfort or anxiety.
Cyanosis or Pale Skin Tone — A bluish or abnormally pale discoloration of the skin, lips, or nail beds due to poor oxygen circulation.
Persistent Coughing or Wheezing — Chronic cough producing white or pink blood-tinged mucus caused by fluid accumulation in the lungs.
Pain in the Extremities (Claudication) — Cramping or aching in the calves, thighs, or hips during walking, indicating peripheral artery disease.

Current Cardiovascular Treatments

Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonists — Advanced metabolic agents like tirzepatide cut major adverse cardiovascular events, reduce systemic vascular inflammation, and improve heart failure outcomes.
Pulsed-Field Ablation (PFA) — Non-thermal electroporation therapy replacing traditional radiofrequency ablation to treat atrial fibrillation with greater tissue selectivity and safety.
SGLT2 Inhibitor Therapy — Guideline-directed medical treatment (e.g., dapagliflozin, empagliflozin) initiated early to reduce hospitalizations and mortality across heart failure spectrums.
Targeted siRNA & Lipid Gene Therapy — Small interfering RNA injectables (like inclisiran) and gene-editing therapies (VERVE-102) providing long-term LDL-C reduction with single-dose schedules.
Transcatheter Valve Therapies (TAVR / TMVR) — Minimally invasive catheter interventions for replacing or repairing severe aortic, mitral, and tricuspid valve stenosis/regurgitation without open-heart surgery.
Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitors — Targeted hormonal pathway medications, such as baxdrostat, designed to treat treatment-resistant hypertension by lowering aldosterone production.
Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing (LBBAP) — Conduction system pacing delivering direct physiological resynchronization as a superior alternative to traditional cardiac resynchronization therapy.
Dual Endothelin Receptor Antagonists — Novel oral therapies like aprocitentan used in combination regimes to target resistant high blood pressure through specialized vascular pathways.
Targeted Anti-Inflammatory Agents — Low-dose colchicine and specialized anti-inflammatory protocols aimed directly at preventing plaque rupture and reducing residual cardiovascular risk.
Mechanical Decompression Systems — Endovascular venous balloon technology and advanced left ventricular assist devices designed to acutely unload intracardiac pressures during heart failure crises.

Key Milestones in Cardiovascular History

Discovery of Blood Circulation (1628) — William Harvey published De Motu Cordis, demonstrating for the first time that blood circulates continuously through the body pumped by the heart.
Invention of the Stethoscope (1816) — René Laennec invented the wooden stethoscope, allowing physicians to auscultate and diagnose internal cardiac sounds non-invasively.
First Human Electrocardiogram (1902) — Willem Einthoven developed the string galvanometer to record the electrical activity of the heart, inventing the modern ECG.
First Human Cardiac Catheterization (1929) — Werner Forssmann performed the first successful cardiac catheterization on himself, opening the path for modern interventional cardiology.
Launch of the Framingham Heart Study (1948) — A landmark long-term epidemiological study began, establishing major risk factors like high blood pressure, cholesterol, and smoking.
Development of the Cardiopulmonary Bypass (1953) — John Gibbon successfully used a heart-lung machine on a human patient, enabling modern open-heart surgery.
First Successful Human Heart Transplant (1967) — Dr. Christiaan Barnard performed the world's first human-to-human heart transplant in Cape Town, South Africa.
First Coronary Angioplasty (1977) — Andreas Grüntzig performed the first successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) to open blocked arteries.
Introduction of Coronary Stents (1986) — Ulrich Sigwart and Jacques Puel implanted the first coronary stent in a human heart to prevent artery restenosis.
First TAVR Procedure (2002) — Alain Cribier performed the first Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement, revolutionizing treatment for aortic stenosis without open-heart surgery.

Current Cardiovascular Research & Breakthroughs

Gene-Editing for Lipid Lowering — Advanced base-editing and RNA therapies (such as VERVE-102) show potential for permanently reducing LDL cholesterol with single-dose targeted gene inactivation.
AI-Driven Predictive Diagnostics — Deep learning algorithms now evaluate polygenic risk scores and real-time imaging data to predict cardiac events years before clinical symptoms appear.
Stem Cell Remuscularization — Regenerative cardiac cell therapies using stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes aim to repair post-infarct scar tissue and restore contractile function.
Pulsed-Field Ablation (PFA) — Non-thermal electroporation technology is transforming arrhythmia management by selectively isolating cardiac tissue with lower procedural risk.
Anti-Inflammatory Therapies — Target-specific anti-inflammatory drugs are being validated to reduce residual vascular risk and suppress ongoing atheroma plaque progression.
Transcatheter Valve Evolution (TMVR/TAVR) — Next-generation transcatheter systems are expanding treatment options for complex structural valve conditions without traditional open surgery.
Digital Twin Hemodynamic Modeling — Virtual patient-specific cardiac models integrate imaging and biomarkers to simulate interventional outcomes before execution.
Conduction System Pacing (LBBAP) — Left bundle branch area pacing is replacing traditional biventricular pacing to provide more natural physiological resynchronization.
Cardioprotective Metabolic Drugs — Broadening applications of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists demonstrate significant reductions in heart failure admissions and vascular events.
Novel Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitors — New drug classes like Baxdrostat provide target-specific control for resistant hypertension by directly modulating hormone pathways.